Bredskär

Bredskär, svensk lotsplats, stångmärken, 3 st stenkummel och obemannade ensfyrar i Norra Kvarken. Insegling till hamnarna Umeå Uthamn, Obbola och Holmsund. Bredskär ligger innanför Fjärdgrund i inloppet av Ume älv.

Västra Kvarken. Ume älv. Nedre: På Bredskär, V om farleden. Övre: 145 m från föregående. Fyrarna Nedre och Övre är synkrona och i ens i 318 grad. 

Utsikt från Bredskär lotsplats åt NNO. Fyrtornet på ön till höger är Fjärdgrund. Fyrkuren snett nedanför, vit med mörkt band, är ensfyren Bredskär Övre. Skorstenen till vänster är Obbola massabruk. Bilden tagen innan hamnen expanderade och fyllde igen mellanrummen på öarna.

Axelklaff för lots. Figur Leif Elsby

Axelklaff för fyrmästare. Figur Leif Elsby

Stångmärkena Bredskär, båken Bonden och Järnäsudde Stångmärke och lotsutkik. Ur Underrättelser 1852.

Bredskärs lotsplats c:a 1920. Vykort.

Bredskärs lotsplats. Ur Minnesalbum 1914-1924.

Ensfyren Bredskär övre år 1956. Arkiv Riksarkivet.

Ensfyren Bredskär övre. Arkiv Svensk Lots.

Ensfyren Bredskär övre. Foto Tomas Berglund 2018.

Ensfyren Bredskär nedre. Arkiv Svensk Lots.

Ensfyren Bredskär nedre. Foto Tomas Berglund 2018.

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Enligt Underrättelser 1852

BREDSKÄR . Lotsplats. 2:ne stångmärken , hvaraf det westra, som är 62 fot högt, är försedt med tunna på toppen samt en dylik derunder, då deremot det östra har endast en tunna på toppen och är 60 fot högt. Dessa båda märken, belägna 195 alnar från hvarandra, stå på omkring 30 fots höjd öfver vattenytan och äro, jemte den å högsta höjden af skäret belägna, hvitfärgade lotsuppassningsstugan, hvilken synes längre till sjös än märkena, ypperliga känningar så väl för fartyg, gående till Umeå, som för angörande af westra Qvarken. Märkena, hållna öfverens, leda fritt från grunden i den smala farleden till Bredskärs-sundet. Lat. N. 63°39'. Pl. VIII.

År 1857 ersattes spirbåkarna / stångmärkena med två stenkummel. Båda vita med rött mittbälte. Det ena, Bredskär NV Övre, har en träöverbyggnad som ger märket en total höjd på fyra meter. "Märkena, hållna öfverens, leda fritt från grunden i den smala farleden till Bredskärssundet." Bildar en enslinje 019 grader.

Stenkumlen Bredskär NV Övre och Nedre. Foto Jonny Söderlund.

År 1876 (endast) var de två kumlen utrustade med fyrlyktor. Året därpå hade man byggt trähuset till Bredskärssund övre och satt en fyrlykta på en stolpe för Bredskärssund nedre. Lyktorna på kumlen togs då ner och kumlen blev åter dagmärken.

Det finns även ett tredje kummel på Bredskär, står på östra sidan. Funktionen av detta är oklar.

På Bredskärs nordöstra del stod även två fyrar (övre och nedre, se nedan). Av dessa står endast den nedre (sydligaste) kvar idag.

Ur Minnesalbum 1914-1924

"Bredskärs lotsplats. Belägen i Holmsunds socken av Västerbottens län. Betjänar trafik till Holmsund, Sandvik, Obbola, Umeå. Postadress och Telegramadress: Holmsund. Vintertid äro de flesta lotsarna bosatta i Umeå.

Genom kontrakt av den 6 augusti 1817 med Obbola byamän uppläto de till den blivande lotsbetjäningen å Bredskär en del rättigheter mot åtnjutande av de förmåner som omnämnas i K. F. av den 17 september 1783. Lotsplatsen synes dock ej ha trätt i funktion förrän år 1820.

Dåvarande fördelningschef var lotslöjtnanten Lars Ekenberg och uppsättningen av lotsar var 1 ålderman, 1 lots och 1 lotsdräng.

I lotsjordeboken, upprättad enligt 9 februari 1857, fanns vid lotsplatsen 1 lotsålderman, 1 mästerlots, 2 sekundlotsar och 2 lotslärlingar. Denna ökning torde ha skett omkring år 1839.

Lotsarna uppassade vid denna tid vid de då befintliga spirbåkarna samt mottogo fartygen utanför Åbolsten och Lillhaddingen. Fördelningschef var då lotslöjtnanten Gadelius. På högsta höjden av Bredskär fanns då som nu lotsuppassningshuset, även då vitmålat. Det nuvarande lotsuppassningshuset byggdes år 1859. Vid platsen finns god båthamn och för lotsuppassningen finns en präktig motorkutter."

Lotsplats

1894 tillhörde lotsplatsen Luleå lotsfördelning. Då arbetade här lotsarna:

• Lotsförman: Anders Jonsson, f. 1830
• Mästerlots: Johan Peter Bäckström, f. 1827
• Mästerlots: Carl Jonas (Jonsson) Bygdén, f. 1848
• Lots: Johan Petter (Jonsson) Strömgren, f. 1853
• Lots: Adolf Fredrik Burström, f. 1864
• Lotslärling: Viktor Albin Bäckström, f. 1875
• Lotslärling: Karl Ludvig Wallin, f. 1858

Bredskär lotsplats med bagarstugan i förgrunden. Det är den gamla fyrvaktarbostaden från Fjärdgrund som efter 1955 års avbemanning av fyrplatsen, nedmonterats för att sedan uppföras på Bredskär, så småningom utrustad med utkikstorn och takkupa. Foto Lotsverket

Lotsbarnskola

Ingen undervisning i lotsbarnskola skedde här. Lotsbarnen gick i sockenskolan.

Fyrplatsen Bredskär

Miniatyrbild ur sjökort från 1920-talet.

Nedre: WGS-84 Lat. N 63 39,7. Long. E 20 19,7. Sv. Nr. 086500. Int. Nr. C5886

Övre: WGS-84 Lat. N 63 39,8. Long. E 20 19,5. Sv. Nr. 086501. Int. Nr. C58861-1

1907 anlades fyrplatsen.

1922 hade fyrarna AGA-ljus med lins av 6:e ordningen. Fyrarna är i ens i 317,5 grad.

• Nedre: På Bredskär, V farleden. Fyrkaraktär: K WRG 4s 8M. Lyshöjd: 3,5 m. Vit fyrkur

• Övre: 175 m från föregående. Fyrkaraktär: Sx R 60/m 12M. Lyshöjd: 12,4 m. Vit fyrkur med svart bälte på ställning med vit, fyrkantig tavla.

1955 fick fyrarna elektriskt ljus med AGA-gasreserv. Radarreflektor 60 m NNO om den nedre fyren. Dagerfyring 1/11 - 31/3.

2000 utseende:

• Nedre: Vit fyrkur

• Övre: Fackverksmast med vit fyrkantig tavla

2000 karaktär, synkrona :

• Nedre: Iso WRG 4s 19,5 M. Lyshöjd: 5,5 m.

• Övre: Iso W 4s 19,5 M. Lyshöjd: 13,0 m.

Nuvarande utseende:

• Nedre: Röd fyrkantig tavla med gult vertikalt fält.

• Övre: Fackverksmast med röd fyrkantig tavla med gult vertikalt fält.

Nuvarande karaktär, synkrona :

• Nedre: Iso W 2s 19,5 M. Lyshöjd: 5,5 m.

• Övre: Iso W 2s 19,5 M. Lyshöjd: 13,0 m.

Länkar

• Vägvisare för sjöfarten — fyrar och sjömärken runt Obbolaön, Årskrönika 2009 för Obbolaborna

Västra Kvarken

Här finns fyrarna:

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Jfr Bottenviken, svenskt fyrväsende, Lotsverket, ledfyr, linsfyr, franska mössan