Kalmarsund

Kalmarsund, farled mellan Småland och Öland. Mellersta Östersjön

Redan på 1200-talet var Kalmar ett betydelsefullt område för handel och sjöfart. På 1800-talet blev Kalmarsund ännu mer svårnavigerbart då fartygen fick större djupgående. Strömmen i sundet, oftast nordlig eller sydlig, kunde uppgå till 5-6 knop. 

Kartan visar f.d. bemannade fyrplatser, fyrskepp, kassunfyrar och ett urval av ledfyrar och ensfyrar

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Midsundsgrundet\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.65187800000000351019480149261653423309326171875,"lon":16.375181000000001318994691246189177036285400390625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Skansgrundet\" title=\"Skansgrundet\"\u003ESkansgrundet\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.65220000000000055706550483591854572296142578125,"lon":16.370200000000000528643795405514538288116455078125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Grimsk%C3%A4r\" title=\"Grimsk\u00e4r\"\u003EGrimsk\u00e4r\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.62700000000000244426701101474463939666748046875,"lon":16.332999999999998408384271897375583648681640625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Tr%C3%A4dg%C3%A5rdsgrund\" title=\"Tr\u00e4dg\u00e5rdsgrund\"\u003ETr\u00e4dg\u00e5rdsgrund\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.651015000000001009539118967950344085693359375,"lon":16.333175000000000665068000671453773975372314453125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Stens%C3%B6\" title=\"Stens\u00f6\"\u003EStens\u00f6\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.6501769999999993387973518110811710357666015625,"lon":16.331517999999999091187419253401458263397216796875,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/%C3%84ngen\" title=\"\u00c4ngen\"\u003E\u00c4ngen\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.65123299999999773035597172565758228302001953125,"lon":16.3338159999999987803676049225032329559326171875,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/L%C3%A5ngviken\" title=\"L\u00e5ngviken\"\u003EL\u00e5ngviken\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.529932999999999765350366942584514617919921875,"lon":16.374883000000000521367837791331112384796142578125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/M%C3%B6rbyl%C3%A5nga\" title=\"M\u00f6rbyl\u00e5nga\"\u003EM\u00f6rbyl\u00e5nga\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.39048100000000118825482786633074283599853515625,"lon":16.1287319999999994024619809351861476898193359375,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Garpen\" title=\"Garpen\"\u003EGarpen\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.390928999999999859937815926969051361083984375,"lon":16.090292999999999068450051709078252315521240234375,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Dalsk%C3%A4r\" title=\"Dalsk\u00e4r\"\u003EDalsk\u00e4r\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.37961299999999909005055087618529796600341796875,"lon":16.09129300000000029058355721645057201385498046875,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Bergkvara\" title=\"Bergkvara\"\u003EBergkvara\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.37318900000000354566509486176073551177978515625,"lon":16.257335999999998676912582595832645893096923828125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Utgrunden\" title=\"Utgrunden\"\u003EUtgrunden\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.353351000000003523382474668323993682861328125,"lon":16.40632099999999837791619938798248767852783203125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Degerhamn\" title=\"Degerhamn\"\u003EDegerhamn\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.2659670000000033951437217183411121368408203125,"lon":16.400166999999999717374521424062550067901611328125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Gr%C3%B6nh%C3%B6gen\" title=\"Gr\u00f6nh\u00f6gen\"\u003EGr\u00f6nh\u00f6gen\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.25647699999999673536876798607409000396728515625,"lon":16.046375999999998640532794524915516376495361328125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Kristianopel\" title=\"Kristianopel\"\u003EKristianopel\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.092500000000001136868377216160297393798828125,"lon":15.8590129999999991383674569078721106052398681640625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Sandhamns_Fiskehamn\" title=\"Sandhamns Fiskehamn\"\u003ESandhamns Fiskehamn\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":55.95269799999999804640538059175014495849609375,"lon":15.7014309999999994715835782699286937713623046875,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Utklippan\" title=\"Utklippan\"\u003EUtklippan\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.01353499999999741021383670158684253692626953125,"lon":15.7883410000000008466258805128745734691619873046875,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Utl%C3%A4ngan\" title=\"Utl\u00e4ngan\"\u003EUtl\u00e4ngan\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.04028000000000275804268312640488147735595703125,"lon":15.8039539999999991692902767681516706943511962890625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Ungsk%C3%A4r\" title=\"Ungsk\u00e4r\"\u003EUngsk\u00e4r\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.06508999999999787178239785134792327880859375,"lon":15.821645000000000180762071977369487285614013671875,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/L%C3%A5ng%C3%B6ren\" title=\"L\u00e5ng\u00f6ren\"\u003EL\u00e5ng\u00f6ren\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.06216500000000024783730623312294483184814453125,"lon":15.824797000000000224417817662470042705535888671875,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Hommenabben\" title=\"Hommenabben\"\u003EHommenabben\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.0927870000000012851160136051476001739501953125,"lon":15.82286500000000017962520360015332698822021484375,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Torhamn\" title=\"Torhamn\"\u003ETorhamn\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.042001999999996542101143859326839447021484375,"lon":15.7667230000000007095195542206056416034698486328125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Fl%C3%B6tjen\" title=\"Fl\u00f6tjen\"\u003EFl\u00f6tjen\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.042833000000001675289240665733814239501953125,"lon":15.7770969999999994826112015289254486560821533203125,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Flundreb%C3%A5dan\" title=\"Flundreb\u00e5dan\"\u003EFlundreb\u00e5dan\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.0302190000000024383552954532206058502197265625,"lon":15.778256999999999976580511429347097873687744140625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Stenshamn_R%C3%B6da\" title=\"Stenshamn R\u00f6da\"\u003EStenshamn R\u00f6da\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.1039779999999979054337018169462680816650390625,"lon":15.6308179999999996567794369184412062168121337890625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Tjurk%C3%B6\" title=\"Tjurk\u00f6\"\u003ETjurk\u00f6\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.1067620000000033542164601385593414306640625,"lon":15.6340430000000001342641553492285311222076416015625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Djupasund\" title=\"Djupasund\"\u003EDjupasund\u003C/a\u003E\n"},{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":56.101146999999997433405951596796512603759765625,"lon":15.637078999999999950887286104261875152587890625,"icon":"/wiki/images/0/0d/PluppFyr.png","inlineLabel":"\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/index.php/Ekenabbens_Fiskehamn\" title=\"Ekenabbens Fiskehamn\"\u003EEkenabbens Fiskehamn\u003C/a\u003E\n"}]}

Historik

1837 byggde Kalmar stad Grimskärs fyr på en holme 200 m väster om farleden. Detta var den första fyren i Kalmarsund.

Under 1860-talet utarbetade Lotsverket förslag om fördjupning av farleden genom muddring samt anläggande av nya fyrplatser. Muddringen genomfördes liksom byggandet av fyrplatserna Borgholm, Grimskär, Ispeudde (även kallad Isboudd) och Dämman.

1865 tändes Borgholms fyr samt uppfördes ett nytt torn på Grimskär.

1866 tändes fyren Ispeudde.

1874 tändes Dämman, Sveriges första utsjöfyr. Den ursprungliga planen om fyrskepp ändrades och ett grund fylldes ut som bas för fyrplatsen. Från 1968 ersattes Dämman med Dämman kassunfyr.

1884 var Utgrunden utmärkt med fyrskepp. Från 1959 ersatt med Utgrunden kassunfyr.

1893 tändes Garpen.

I början av 1900-talet lades det ut att antal acetylendrivna lysbojar av Mühlenfels- typ.

• 1909-1916 utbyttes dessa mot lysbojar från AGA AB. Den först utbytta var Trädgårdsgrund.

Några bilder på f.d. bemannade fyrplatser i Kalmarsund

Klick i bild länkar vidare:

• 

  Borgholm omkr 1904. Foto Lotsverket

• 

  Dämman. Foto Esbjörn Hillberg

• 

  Furön omkr år 1890. Arkiv Lotsverket

• 

  Garpen. Foto Esbjörn Hillberg

• 

  Grimskär 1892. Foto Lotsverket

• 

  Ispeuddes fyr. Foto Lotsverket

• 

  Skäggenäss gamla fyr. Foto Esbjörn Hillberg

• 

  Ölands Norra Udde 2010. Foto Leif Elsby

• 

  Ölands Södra Udde. Foto Esbjorn Hillberg

Några bilder på kassunfyrar i Kalmarsund

Klick i bild länkar vidare:

• 

  Dämman kassunfyr. Arkiv www.raasakka.dinstudio.se

• 

  Huvudet. Arkiv www.unc.edu

• 

  Krongrundet i Kalmarsund. I bakgrunden Ölandsbron. Arkiv www.unc.edu

• 

  Kungsgrundet. Arkiv static.panoramio.com

• 

  Osvallsgrundet. I bakgrunden Ölandsbron. Arkiv www.schwedische-leuchtfeuer.de

• 

  Sillåsen. I bakgrunden Öland. Arkiv www.tjow.dk

• 

  Skansgrundet. Arkiv www.schiffbilder.de

Kalmarsunds djupränna

• Video. Smalfilm utan ljud. Byggandet av Kalmarsunds djupränna. Inspelad 1939-1940 Film från Sven Öberg (sjöfartsråd, chef Sjöfartsverket). Med tillstånd för visning av Svenska Fyrsällskapet. (26 min)

Glimtar från de omfattande fyrbyggnadsarbetena 1939 - 1940 i Kalmarsunds djupränna. En större fyr ( Grimskär ), 5 mindre fyrar (ledfyrar) och 12 lysbojar ersätts genom 5 nya fyrar samt 3 lysbojar när djuprännan rätades och fördjupades. De nya fyrarna är Krongrundet, Osvallsgrundet, Huvudet, Omböjningen och Skansgrundet.

Praktisk beskrivning med illustrationer över farledsdragning samt hur kassunfyrar byggs, etc. Dessutom bilder från byggandet, sjösättning, fångdammen, kabeldragning, klippapparat, ljuset med AGA-gasreserv, etc.

Textbeskrivning av byggandet:

Moderna svenska fyrar, uppförda på havsbottnen. Överfyringenjör Rikard V Frost, Stockholm Ur Teknisk Tidskrift 21 december 1946.

Kassunfyrar

1938 års riksdag beviljade medel för byggandet av de fem bottenfasta fyrarna Krongrundet, Osvallsgrundet, Huvudet, Omböjningen och Skansgrundet.

• Kassunerna göts på entreprenad, två på slip i Nyköping, två i Färjestaden på Öland.
• Kassunen till Omböjningen göts upp- och- ner- vänd på pråm men var svår att vända varför den i folkmun döptes till Hedningen.
• Kassunerna försågs med fångdamm, bogserades ut och sänktes på plats.

1939-1940 placerades kassunerna till dessa fyrar på sina stationer. Därefter, fortfarande med fångdammen på plats, formsattes, armerades och göts betongtornen.

• Fyrapparaten med elektriskt ljus installerades i en åttakantig fyrkur på toppen av respektive torn.
• Höjd för Skansgrundet var 16 m över vattenytan.
• De försågs med ström via kraftkabel. Krongrundet och Skansgrundet utrustades med Nautofon.
• Först när fyren var målad och klar tog man bort fångdammen till skillnad från senare fångdammsfyrar byggda på 1970-talet.
• Krongrundet och Skansgrundet var de första av Lotsverkets fyrar som utrustades med fjärrmanöver. Denna skedde via kabel från lotsplatsen i Kalmar.

1939 tändes den 21 december Osvallsgrundet och Huvudet.

1940 tändes den 18 december Krongrundet och Skansgrundet.

1941 tändes Omböjningen.

• Farleden var då fördjupad från 6,6 m till 8 m.

1942 blev Skansgrundet påseglat av ett fartyg lastat med malm. Fyren träffades 13 m över vattenytan. Fyrtornet fick omfattande skador och en lutning av 3°. Med hjälp av domkraft rätades tornet upp.

1942 tändes Sillåsen utanför Skäggenäs i norra Kalmarsund. Den fjärrmanövrerades av lotsarna i Skäggenäs.

Kassunfyrar ersätter

1959 ersattes fyrskeppet Utgrunden av Utgrunden kassunfyr.

1941 ersattes fyrplatsen Grimskär av den närbelägna kassunfyren Skansgrundet.

1968 ersattes fyrplatsen Dämman av den närbelägna Dämman kassunfyr.

Några bilder på fyrar i Kalmarsund

Klick i bilden länkar vidare

• 

  Badholmen. Foto DE.

• 

  Bergkvara övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Bergkvara nedre och övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Blå Jungfrun östra. Arkiv unc.edu.

• 

  Bläsinge. Foto NN.

• 

  Boköskär. Foto NN.

• 

  Borgholm. Foto Lotsverket.

• 

  Borgholms Hamn övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Borgholms Hamn övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Borgholms Inlopp övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Borgholms Inlopp nedre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Byxelkrok. Foto NN.

• 

  Böda pirfyr. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Böda ensfyrar. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Böda ensfyrar. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Dalskär. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Dalskär. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Degerhamn. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Degerhamn Södra övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Degerhamn Södra nedre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Djupasund. Foto NN.

• 

  Dämman. Foto E Hillberg.

• 

  Ekenabbens Fiskehamn. Foto NN.

• 

  Estenäs. Foto NN.

• 

  Flötjen. Foto Göran Arn.

• 

  Flundrebådan. Foto Göran Arn.

• 

  Finnrevet. Foto E Hillberg.

• 

  Furön. Foto Lotsverket.

• 

  Färjestaden övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Färjestaden nedre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Färjestaden Norra. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Färjestaden Södra. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Garpen. Foto E Hillberg.

• 

  Grankullaviken övre. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Grimskallen. Foto JA.

• 

  Grimskär. Vykort.

• 

  Gräsgård. Foto NN.

• 

  Grönhögen. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Gröttlan. Foto DE.

• 

  Hommenabben övre. Foto HNN.

• 

  Hommenabben nedre. Foto HNN.

• 

  Huvudet. Arkiv unc.edu.

• 

  Högby. Foto E Hillberg.

• 

  Ispeudde. Foto Lotsverket.

• 

  Kalmar. Foto NN.

• 

  Lotsångaren Kalmar. Foto ur Minnesalbum 1914-1924.

• 

  Kapelludden. Foto E Hillberg.

• 

  Kristianopel. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Kristianopel. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Krongrundet. Foto Eric Fhager.

• 

  Kullö. Foto NN.

• 

  Kårehamn. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Kårehamn. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Långviken. Foto NN.

• 

  Långören övre. Foto ON.

• 

  Långören nedre. Foto ON.

• 

  Masknaggen. Arkiv www.unc.edu/

• 

  Mönsteråsredden övre. Foto NN.

• 

  Mönsteråsredden nedre. Foto NN.

• 

  Mörbylånga. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Mörbylånga. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Norra Midsundsgrundet. Arkiv G Kjellgren.

• 

  Oknö övre. Foto Tomas Jonsson.

• 

  Oknö nedre. Foto NN.

• 

  Osvallsgrundet. Arkiv schwedische-leuchtfeuer.de.

• 

  Ovädersudden övre. Foto NN.

• 

  Ovädersudden nedre. Foto NN.

• 

  Påskallavik. Foto NN.

• 

  Runnö. Foto NN.

• 

  Rödskär. Foto DE.

• 

  Sandhamns Fiskehamn. Foto NN.

• 

  Sandvik. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Sandvik. Foto Nils Stenberg 2021.

• 

  Segerstad. Foto E Hillberg.

• 

  Sillåsen. Foto Lena H Sundfelt.

• 

  Simpevarp övre. Foto NN.

• 

  Simpevarp nedre. Foto NN.

• 

  Skansgrundet. Foto Eric Fhager,

• 

  Skäggenäs. Foto E Hillberg.

• 

  Slottsbredan. Arkiv unc.edu/.

• 

  Stenshamn Röda. Foto NN.

• 

  Stensö. Foto NN.

• 

  Stora Rör. Foto E Hillberg 2017.

• 

  Stötbotten. Arkiv panoramio.com.

• 

  Svartö. Foto NN.

• 

  Svensknabben. Foto NN.

• 

  Tillingeö övre. Foto NN.

• 

  Tillingeö nedre. Foto NN.

• 

  Tjurkö. Foto NN.

• 

  Tokenäsudde. Foto JA.

• 

  Torhamn. Foto TH.

• 

  Trädgårdsgrund. Arkiv AGA AB.

• 

  Ungskär. Foto NN.

• 

  Utgrunden kassunfyr. Foto Lotsverket.

• 

  Utklippan. Foto Lars Johansson.

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  Utlängan. Foto Lotsverket 1931.

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  Åsehorn. Foto NN.

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  Ängö. Foto NN.

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  Ängen. Foto NN.

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  Ärnemar övre. Foto NN.

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  Ärnemar övre. Foto NN.

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  Ölandsrev. Foto Lotsverket.

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  Ölands Norra Udde. Foto E Hillberg.

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  Ölands Södra Udde. Foto E Hillberg.

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  Ölands Södra Grund. Foto Lotsverket.

Jfr vattenvägar, fyrskepp, kassunfyr, utsjöfyr, Grimskär, Mühlenfels, AGA-ljus, Öland, Gotland.

Jfr Bottenviken, Norra Kvarken, Bottenhavet, Ålands hav, Finska viken, Norra Östersjön, Mellersta Östersjön (med Gotland, Öland, Kalmarsund), Södra Östersjön, Öresund, Kattegatt, Skagerack, Nordsjön, Norska havet, Barents hav, Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren, Hjälmaren, Ladoga,

Jfr svenskt fyrväsende, danskt fyrväsende, finskt fyrväsende, norskt fyrväsende